Search results for "diversité taxonomique"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
Optimisation du pyroséquençage haut-débit pour caractériser la diversité taxonomique des communautés bactériennes des sols
2011
Affiche, résumé; International audience; La diversité microbienne d’un sol (que l’on estime entre 100 000 et 1 000 000 d’espèces différentes par gramme de sol) est difficile à caractériser. Toutefois, d’importantes avancées en biologie moléculaire, comme le développement du pyroséquençage, ont permis d'obtenir plusieurs centaines de milliers de séquences à partir d’un ADN méta-génomique. Ces nouveaux développements permettent maintenant de caractériser la diversité des communautés microbiennes du sol en se basant sur un marqueur phylogénétique comme l'ADNr 16S, aussi appelée MetaTaxogénomique (Maron et coll., 2011). Toutefois, dans un contexte ou l’écologie microbienne du sol commence à s’a…
Contribution to development of microbial bioindicators for assessing the impact of agricultural pratices on soil
2015
Soil is the support of agricultural production. It performs many functions essential to the provision of ecosystem services necessary for the well-being of our societies. Soil physicochemical and biological properties have been altered by the development of intensive agriculture while it is a non-renewable resource, revealing the need to develop new management practices suitable for the sustainability of soil quality. This also marked the entry into the “Agroecology” era, which promotes the development of new agricultural systems optimizing services provided by biodiversity to reduce the use of inputs and energy use. To achieve this aim, the development of a range of indicators to assess th…
Study of the impact of viticultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with vines
2021
Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis established between plants andarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), providesmany ecosystem services such as improved soilstructure, increased plant growth and nutrition,and improved tolerance to biotic and abioticstresses. However, intensive agricultural practicesand the use of phytosanitary products as forexample herbicide and fungicides, have a strongimpact on communities of soil microorganisms,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well ason biological mechanisms within the ecosystem.This thesis wotk is part of the European Biovineproject supported by the European Commissionthrough the CORE Organic Cofund.The aim of this research work was …